Relative Clause

Materi tentang adjective clause atau relative clause adalah salah satu materi yang harus dikuasai dengan baik oleh siswa SMA, SMK, hingga mahasiswa perguruan tinggi. Selain dibutuhkan dalam penyusunan dan penulisan kalimat berbahasa Inggris yang efisien, adjective clause atau relative clause juga merupakan salah satu testing point yang selalu diujikan dalam test TOEFL, TOEIC, dan Ujian Akhir Nasional (UAN). Karena itu, setelah mengenal sekilas tentang adjective clause atau relative clause, sekarang kita akan mempelajarinya secara lebih terperinci lagi.

1. Adjective Clause Using Subject Pronouns: Who, Which, That

Adjective Clause / Relative Clause with Subject Pronouns: "Who", "Which", "That"

Without adjective clause / relative clause	Using adjective clause / relative clause
I will introduce you to a friend. He runs a successful business.	I will introduce you to a friend who runs a successful business. I will introduce you to a friend that runs a successful business.
The book is about religion. It has raised controversy.	The book which has raised controversy is about religion. The book that has raised controversy is about religion.

Notes:

• "Who", "which", atau "that" adalah subyek dalam adjective clause.
• "Who" digunakan untuk mengganti subyek berupa orang.
• "Which" digunakan untuk mengganti subyek berupa benda.
• "That" digunakan untuk mengganti subyek berupa orang maupun benda, dan lebih umum dipakai daripada "which". Akan tetapi, "that" hanya bisa digunakan pada defining relative clause saja. (Baca Menggabungkan Kalimat Menggunakan Adjective Clause (Relative Clause).

2. Adjective Clause Using Object Pronouns: Who(m), Which, That

Adjective Clause / Relative Clause with Object Pronouns: "Who(m)", "Which", "That"

Without adjective clause / relative clause	Using adjective clause / relative clause
I will introduce you to a friend. You have never met him before.	I will introduce you to a friend (who(m)) you have never met before. I will introduce you to a friend (that) you have never met before.
The book is about religion. I bought it in Gramedia bookstore last week.	The book (which) I bought in Gramedia bookstore last week is about religion. The book (that) I bought in Gramedia bookstore last week is about religion.
The song was very popular in 1990's. I am listening to it.	The song to which I am listening was very popular in 1990's. The song (which) I am listening to was very popular in 1990's. The song (that) I am listening to was very popular in 1990's.

Notes:

• "Whom" digunakan untuk mengganti obyek berupa orang, umumnya digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris formal. Untuk bahasa Inggris informal dan percakapan, "who" lebih sering dipakai menggantikan "whom".
• "Which" digunakan untuk mengganti obyek berupa benda.
• "That" digunakan untuk mengganti obyek berupa orang maupun benda, dan lebih umum dipakai daripada "which". Akan tetapi, "that" hanya bisa digunakan pada defining relative clause saja. (Baca Menggabungkan Kalimat Menggunakan Adjective Clause (Relative Clause).
• Pada bahasa Inggris percakapan (lisan), "who", "which", atau "that" seringkali dihilangkan.

3. Adjective Clause Using Whose

Adjective Clause / Relative Clause with "Whose"

Without adjective clause / relative clause	Using adjective clause / relative clause
I will introduce you to a friend. His interest is learning English.	I will introduce you to a friend whose interest is learning English.
The old lady has a painting. Its value is inestimable.	The old lady has a painting whose value is inestimable.

Notes:

• Dalam adjective clause atau relative clause, "whose" digunakan untuk menunjukkan milik, menggantikan "his", "her", "its", atau "their".
• Sebagaimana "his", "her", "its", dan "their", "Whose" selalu diikuti kata benda.
• "Whose" tidak bisa dihilangkan.

4. Adjective Clause Using Where

Adjective Clause / Relative Clause with "Where"

Without adjective clause / relative clause	Using adjective clause / relative clause
I will take you to the restaurant. I usually have lunch there (at the restaurant).	I will take you to the restaurant where I usually have lunch. I will take you to the restaurant at which I usually have lunch. I will take you to the restaurant (which) I usually have lunch at.
The old lady has sold the house. She has lived there (in the house) for more than twenty years.	The old lady has sold the house where she has lived for more than twenty years. The old lady has sold the house in which she has lived for more than twenty years. The old lady has sold the house (which) she has lived in for more than twenty years.

Notes:

• "Where" dalam adjective clause atau relative clause digunakan untuk menjelaskan tempat.
• Jika "where" digunakan, preposition pada keterangan tempat (seperti in, from, to, at, on, under, above) tidak diperlukan dalam adjective clause. Sebaliknya, jika "where" tidak digunakan, preposition harus ada. (lihat contoh ke-2 dan ke-3 dalam tabel di atas)

5. Adjective Clause Using When

Adjective Clause / Relative Clause with "When"

Without adjective clause / relative clause	Using adjective clause / relative clause
We will never forget the day. My wife gave birth to my first son then (on that day).	We will never forget the day when my wife gave birth to my first son. We will never forget the day on which my wife gave birth to my first son. We will never forget the day (that) my wife gave birth to my first son.
August is the month. The weather gets very windy then (in August).	August is the month when the weather gets very windy. August is the month in which the weather gets very windy. August is the month (that) the weather gets very windy.

Notes:

• "When" dalam adjective clause atau relative clause digunakan untuk menjelaskan waktu.
• Jika "when" digunakan, preposition pada keterangan waktu (seperti in, on, at) tidak diperlukan dalam adjective clause. Sebaliknya, jika "where" tidak digunakan, preposition ada. (lihat contoh ke-2 dan ke-3 dalam tabel di atas)

Want to learn more about Adjective Clause?

• Untuk mengetahui apakah penulisan adjective clause harus menggunakan koma "," atau tidak, baca "Menggabungkan Kalimat Menggunakan Adjective Clause (Relative Clause)".
• Untuk mengetahui posisi adjective clause sebagai testing point dalam test TOEFL, baca Tips TOEFL: Strategi Mengerjakan Test TOEFL Dengan Mengenali Testing Point.

Reference:

1. Azar B.S. Understanding and Using English Grammar (2nd Ed). NJ: Prentice-Hall. Inc, 1989.
2. Thomson & Martinet. A Practical English Grammar (4th Ed). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.
3. Swan, M. Practical English Usage. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980.

Read more: http://www.misterguru.web.id/2011/09/adjective-clause-relative-clause.html#ixzz1pZ1soJwe

How To Write Business Leter

1. Use block style - do not indent paragraphs.
2. Include address of the person you are writing to at the top of the letter, below your company address.
3. After the address, double space and include date
4. Double space (or as much as you need to put the body of the letter in the center) and include the salutation. Include Mr. for men or Ms for women, unless the recipient has a title such as Dr.
5. State a reference reason for your letter (i.e. 'With reference to our telephone conversation...'
6. Give the reason for writing (i.e. 'I am writing to you to confirm our order...')
7. Make any request you may have (i.e. 'I would be grateful if you could include a brochure...'
8. If there is to be further contact, refer to this contact (i.e. 'I look forward to meeting you at...')
9. Close the letter with a thank you (i.e. 'Thank you for your prompt help...')
10. Finish the letter with a salutation (i.e. 'Yours sincerely,')
11. Include 4 spaces and type your full name and title
12. sign the letter between the salutation and the typed name and title

Tips:

1. Keep the letter brief and to the point
2. Do not use shortened verb forms - write them out (i.e. 'don't instead of do not')
3. Always keep a copy of correspondence for future reference

REFERENCES : http://esl.about.com/cs/englishworkplace/ht/ht_bletter.htm 

Synopsis Of The Book

Titles of books: Twilight
Figures: Isabella Swan (Kristen Stewart)
Edward Cullen (Robert Pattison)
Carlisle Cullen (Peter Facinelli)
Evenson Esme (Elizabeth Reaser)
Rosalie Hale (Nikki Reed)
Alice Cullen (Ashley Greene)
Jasper Cullen (Jackson Rathbone)
Charlie Swan (Billy Burke)
Author name: Meyer Stephennie
Year of publication: October 5, 2005
Name of publisher: Little, Brown
Place of publication: United States

"About three things that I believe is the truth, the first Edward is a vampire. second, there is a part of him - which I do not know how dominant that part - thirsty for my blood and the third one I fell in love with her very deep and unconditional "
Bella Swan, beautiful girls who have problems in self-confidence and coordination of his own body, recently moved from Phoenix, Arizona that the majority of heat bercuaca to Forks, Washington which the majority of the rainy weather to stay with her father, Charlie, after her mother, Renée, married and lived with her new husband, Phil, a baseball player. After moving to Forks, Bella meets the Cullen keluaga foster child. Emmet, Rossalie, Jasper, Alice and Edward. although they have no blood ties, but they are very similar. four brothers with good looks and remarkable beauty, pale-skinned, has an unmatched elegance and mystique.
In biology class, Bella has no choice but to sit down with Edward Edward Cullen.respon extremely unfriendly, making Bella felt when Edward hated. other than that on the first day, Edward always keep a distance with her, holding her breath and always looked at Bella with a strange look. like something unpleasant smell from Bella herself. After disappearing for a week that Edward and Bella make more sense that he hated her for no apparent reason.
Edward re-emerged in the classroom biologi.Bagai have multiple personalities, he was so friendly and polite to Bella when itu.gadis it realizes there is a change in self-Edward, the color of his eyes. The first time she saw Edward, the handsome man had dark black eye color, and now the color of her eyes and glowed like molten gold.
One morning, when it snows, Bella almost wretched because one of his van - Tyler - almost ran over the girl's body, if Edward did not immediately help. before he saw Edward standing right next to his car and watched him from a considerable distance. but suddenly when the incident occurred, Edward has helped in a very rapid movement, and that makes Bella's surprise, the van that almost hit it too contained a mysterious indentation, as if the van had hit something very hard (Edward's shoulder). lengkukan strange and very fitting on Edward's shoulder. Bella is very confused and believe that there is something about Edward that indicates that maybe he was not human biasa.seperti a hero - superhero - is possible according to his theory, or even exposed to radioactive kryptonite. Bella is always curious to ask about it to Edward, but Edward did not want to explain it and come back to be rude and increasingly distant with Bella.
After a silence during beberepa day Bella, Edward returned to be nice and polite. He apologized and told Bella that they should not have friends, because he was not a good person and bella deny it. Bella believes that Edward behave rude to him not because he was evil but because he was hiding something - like Edward wearing a mask -. Edward invites Bella to go with him and other friends to go to the beach Quilute tribal reservations, first beach, La Push, but Edward politely refused on the grounds that it was too crowded.
At First Beach, Bella meets Jacob Black. which is a little friend that one year a few months younger, but Bella had forgotten. Lauren, one of Bella's friends are not very fond of him began provoked about 'why not invite Bella Edward Cullen'. It was fishing one friend Jacob Black touched on "The Cullens do not come here - the Quileute tribe reservation - this attractive .Hal Bella.Gadis suspicion was cleverly trying mangajak Jacob streets alone with Jacob and then seduced to want to explain the purpose of his speech tadi.karena Jacob considers his tribe is a story about a silly fantasy and Bella had promised not to divulge to anyone, so he told about the legend of his tribe. Quileute tribe is descended from wolves and have only one enemy that is vampir.Menurut their belief it is closely related to the Cullen family where the Cullen family are vampires who make a covenant with his grandfather Jacob - Ephraim Black - to never set foot into the area his tribe.
At home, Bella looking for information about the Vampire because he too has not fully believe it, but he only found a match with what is told Jacob. until the scare stories that haunt his dreams. He also saw Edward sparkling, has fangs and the eyes are calling him dangerous. but Bella was not afraid and that's when Jacob appeared. jacob suddenly turned into a very large brown wolf and Edward pounce. Upon awakening from the nightmare, Bella realized that she could not lose Edward. and Edward was not anything actually important to him. the next day, the morning is bright for forks. the sun shone bright and without clouds, and the Cullen family disappeared. That's when Bella waited in the school garden, but Angela had told him that every sunny weather, the Cullen family will not show up because they - the whole Cullen family - go Hiking.
Bella had long wanted to buy some books. Incidentally Angela and Jessica wanted to go to Port Angels, he also participated. First she accompanied Angela and Jessica into a clothes shop - Angela asked him to give input on what they would buy - and then after selecting clothes, shoes and other trinkets, Bella broke away from them to go to the bookstore. But the book store was not what he expected - too mysterious and impossible to sell a book he was looking for - so he went from store to store looking for another book. Instead of finding that he was looking for, instead he got lost and had come to harm. He was disturbed by some thugs who are drunk. They set him up to the place where he could escape again ttidak. When Bella was stuck thinking about what strategies can help him - such as kicking or meniju collarbone because the faces of the thugs was sure he wanted to run down while screaming he could not make a sound because the lump in his throat -. That's when Edward suddenly come up with Volvo silvernya, speeding and suddenly stopped in front of the thugs that. Penumpangnmya door opened and Edward told Bella Bella to save Edward masuk.Demikianlah again. Bella looked at Edward's face that looked very frantic berbahayadan threatening, but Edward asks Bella to distract him. Bella mentions he would kill Tyler by Tyler crashed his car into the van because he was always bothered Bella Bella due to her guilt crashed the other day. It also managed to divert attention back to the store Edward.Mereka Angels Port Edward after Edward's mood somewhat restrained and met two friends Bella. Since Jessica and Angela had finished dining restaurant, Edward was asked for permission to them to ask Bella to dinner because he was worried about Bella. At the restaurant, the waiters will be amazed Edward's good looks and began courting her. Edward was not mengidahkan servant, her eyes fixed on Bella saja.Ia only request a seat that is privacy. When ordering food, ordering two Edward Coke - both of which were presented to Bella as well -, Bella was ordered mashroom Raviolli and eat them all asking for an explanation that goes against Edward Alak about surprising things he always did to save Bella's life. With the urging Bella, Edward tells Bella how to discover is by reading your mind and follow aromanya.Ia also claim that he can no longer stay away from Bella because he felt no longer able to pretend in front of Bella. He also describes how the talents in Bella Bella and asked to tell what's on his mind - Edward can not read Bella's mind -. In return he asks Bella to tell a new theory about him and Bella in ketahuinya say what about the legend of the Quileute tribe Jacob and Jacob told him everything. Edward stiffened and forced to admit the truth of the story itu.Edward is a vampire, his family is a family of vampires.
"I was the best predators around the world. Everything about me pull dirimu.suaraku, my face, even aromaku. As if I need all of it! As you can run faster than I have! As you can against it" (Edward Cullen )
Bella Swan, an ordinary teenage girl who moved to the town of Forks, a small town a grim, meets Edward Cullen, a mysterious guy who is very charming. The figure perfectly capable of making Bella terpikat.Ternyata, behind the perfection, Edward kept a big secret about the identity dirinya.Bella not realize the danger that awaits him Can he turn away from Edward before it is too late and change his life?
Stephenie Meyer managed to make the readers captivated by the perfect figure Edward.Bahkan when Bella dilemma faced by large, the authors are able to make the reader to feel the inner conflict felt Bella. Unfortunately, this book cover illustration reflects less the book. In addition, the lack of this book is it's too forward feelings of Bella, so the story is a bit too melancholy and lilting.
The first impression upon receiving the book is thick, it feels a bit terrifying novel gets this thick. When I first saw this book sealed in a bookstore, the first thought upon seeing kovernya is the thought of fantasy novels. In the end, after a sequel appeared, I began to hear people talking about this book as a good book. Obviously the more curious. Three quarters of this book contains a story of love and stories about how bad the main character of the vampire who disukain Approximately towards the end of the book, then came conflicts raise enough tension.

Backpack maintenance

Proper care for long-lasting gear

Can I wash my backpack in the washing machine?

"No – abrasion wears out the material (PU coating) and will in the long run damage the pack. Also, detergents are often not washed out properly. This could lead to skin irritation for sensitive skin types. A chemical reaction of sweat, detergent and UV rays further damages the material."

Do I have to impregnate the backpack material?

"For the first years, the rucksack material offers great water protection. However, in heavy rain water will seep through the zippers and seams. In alpine regions, for climbing or ski tours you should use waterproof packsacks in the rucksack to keep your gear 100% dry. The advantage is that the attachment straps then remain free for material, such as ice axe, skis, poles or snowshoes. For hiking and trekking backpacks use a rain cover. Also, impregnation won’t last very long on older models. And impregnation (spray and bath impregnation) in the strap’s material can lead to skin irritation."

Place the backpack in a tub or shower filled with water and wash with ph-neutral soap. Dirt and stains can be easily cleaned with a soft brush. Salt stains on the carrying system can be removed by simply washing with soap and plenty of water.
Make sure to always store the pack in a dry place!

sumber

Full Block Style

1385 Laurier Avenue
Ottawa, Ontario K2G 1V8
March 20, 20xx

James Moore, Human Resources Manager
Global Market Incorporated
45 Spadina Avenue
Toronto, Ontario M5W 1E5

Dear Mr. Moore:
This is semi-block letter format.
It too begins with the sender’s address, the date, the receiver’s name and address, and then the opening salutation. The difference between full-block and semi block is easy:

• In full-block format, nothing is indented.
• In semi-block format, the sender’s address, date and closing salutation are indented.
• In semi-block format, it is also permissible to indent the paragraphs, but it is not necessary to do so.

If you have questions about this format, please email me.

Sincerely,
Nicholas Strachan
Nicholas Strachan sumber

Menyusun Surat

                                     CAMBRIDGE ELECTRONIC CORPORATION

                      231 Blackmore street

                                                     NewYork , NY 200LL, LA                

Ref : DT/NN?12    

7 th May 1993

Messrs Johnson Smith & Carlson Ltd

Cambridge Electronic Corporation

16 fifth Avenue Street

Los Angeles , LA                                                                                                         

Dear Sirs

We have to remind you that your account for television ordered on 12 february has not yet been paid. Discount cannot be allowed.

You will remember that we went to some troble to meet your delivery date, and we are sure that you would not wish to inconvenience us by delayit your payment.

A copy of the statement is enclosed , and we shall be glad to receive your cheque by return.

                                                                                                                                   

    Your faithfully

    Cambrideg electronic Corporation

     Jonathan R Smith

KUTIPAN

Kutipan adalah pengambilanalihan satuklimat atau lebih dari karya tulisan lain untuk tujuan ilustrasi atau memperkokoh argument dalam tulisan itu sendiri.Kutipan sering kita pakai dalam penulisan karya ilmiah.Bahan-bahan yang dimasukkan dalam sebagai kutipan adalah bahan yang tidak/belum menjadi pengetahuan umum,hasil-hasil penelitian terbaru dan pendapat-pendapat seseorang yang tidak/belum menjadi pendapat umum.jadi,pendapat pribadi tidk perlu dimasukkan sebagai kutipan.
Dalam mengutip kita harus menyebutkan sumbernya.Hal itu dimaksudkan sebagai pernyataan penghormatan kepadaorang yang pendapatnya dikutip,dan sebagai pembuktian akan kebenaran kutipan tersebut.Cara penyebutan kutioan ada 2 cara,yaitu system catatan kaki dan sistem catatan langsung ( catatan perut ).Kita harus memilih salah satu dan harus konsisten.

Jenis kutipan :
1.Kutipan Langsung

Kutipan Langsung ialah kutipan yang sama persis dengan teks aslinya,tidak boleh ada perubahan.Kalau ada hal yang dinilai salah/meragukan,kita beri tanda ( sic! ),yang artinya kita sekedar mengutip sesuai dengan aslinya dan tidak bertanggung jawab atas kesalahan itu.

a) Kutipan yang kurang atau sama dengan 4 baris ditulis sebagai berikut :
• Disatukan dengan teks
• Ditulis dalam tanda kutip ( “…….” )
• Jarak antar kutipan 2 spasi
• Pada akhir kutipan dituliskan databuku yang diletakkan dalam kurung atau dengan menuliskan nomor rujukan catatan kaki.


b) Kutipan Langsung yan lebih dari 4 baris,tata caranya sebagai berikut :

• Tidak disatukan dengan teks,tetapi dipisah dengan jarak 2,5 spasi
• Ditulis dengan spasi rapat ( satu spasi )
• Ditulis dengan menjorok ke kanan 5 karakter,danjika alinea baru berarti menjorok ke kanan 10 karakter
• Pada akhir kutipan diberi nomor penunjuk ( untuk diberi penjelasan pada catatan kaki tau diberi catatan langsung ( catatan perut )

2. Kutipan tidak lansung ( Kutipan Isi )

Dalam kutipan tidak langsung kita hanya mengambil intisari pendapat yang kita kutip.Kutipan tidak langsung ditulis menyatu dengan teks yang kita buat dan tidak usah diapit tanda petik.Penyebutan sumber dapat dengan sistem catatan kaki,dapat juga dengan sistem catatan langsung ( catatan perut ). 

referensi : http://indonesialanguage.blogspot.com/2008/03/materi-bahasa- indonesia_21.html